When your computer goes to sleep you appear as a deer in this magical place. There are no goals to achieve or rules to follow. Just run through the forest and see what happens.

When your computer goes to sleep you appear as a deer in this magical place. There are no goals to achieve or rules to follow. Just run through the forest and see what happens.
this portion of moby.com, 'film music', is for independent and non-profit filmmakers, film students, and anyone in need of free music for their independent, non-profit film, video, or short.Só é necessário ir até ao site MobyGratis.com e registar-se para iniciar o acesso à base de músicas de Moby.
Além de que proporcionalmente, e em termos gerais, um fotograma de um filme representa uma extracção, ainda que quantitativa, bem menor do que um parágrafo de um livro.
90 minutos => 5600 segundos => 129 600 fotogramas
200 páginas => 100 000 palavras => 2000 parágrafos
"The legal status of such reproductions of frames has remained problematic. Does the use of a frame enlargement violate copyright? Should the scholar contact the copyright holder to obtain permission to reproduce frames, and, if the firm demands a fee for such permission, does it have to be paid?" [1]
A discussão sobre os direitos intelectuais e criativos tem tido lugar de discussão nos últimos anos em todas as áreas que lidam com a imagem e som, desde a publicidade, ao cinema, música, videojogos, artes ou investigação entre outros. Uma das razões que mais debate e legislação tem feito mover a sociedade é a questão do P2P. A facilidade de empréstimo e troca de objectos que a internet, uma rede tecnologico-social, veio proporcionar fez aumentar exponencialmente o acesso a materiais anteriormente impossíveis por razões de ordem intrinsecamente física. O plástico, o papel, o vinil ou a película deram lugar a meros dígitos em linguagem binária. Mas a esta problemática dedicarei outro texto brevemente e também já prometido anteriormente.
"Fair use" refers to a provision in American law that allows scholars and educators to quote or reproduce small portions of copyrighted works in various media without obtaining permission from the copyright holder. [1]
Na lei americana, United States Code, title 17, section 107 [2], encontramos:
§ 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use [2]
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include —
(1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
(2) the nature of the copyrighted work;
(3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
Apesar de tudo isto e da própria lei não deixar, a meu ver, grandes dúvidas sobre o modo de utilização de obras com copyright a verdade é que muitas interrogações parecem continuar a subsistir. Mas se dúvidas houvesse a legislação americana vai ainda mais longe e criou mesmo uma espécie de exemption ao DMCA que prolifera em vários suportes de media, nomeadamente os DVDs, para todos quantos, como nós, trabalham o ensino dos media.“1. Audiovisual works included in the educational library of a college or university’s film or media studies department, when circumvention is accomplished for the purpose of making compilations of portions of those works for educational use in the classroom by media studies or film professors.” [3]
De relembrar que esta excepção refere-se apenas à permissão de se poder ultrapassar as protecções, incluídas nos dvds, anti-cópia e não verdadeiramente ao uso dos clips uma vez que esse uso já está regulamentado na lei sobre o Fair use.
“The case of trade presses publishing scholarly and educational film books is less clear. There has been no clear test of whether fair use applies in such cases as well. So far, however, the courts do not seem to assume that all such publications are "commercial" and hence not serious scholarship. (See Maxtone-Graham v. Burtchaell, 803 F. 2d. 1253 [2d Cir. 1986], cert. denied, 481 US 1059 [1987].) It would appear that the fair-use provision favors all scholarly and educational publications, albeit more strongly in the case of nonprofit presses.” [1]
“At twenty-four frames per second, a ninety-minute feature would consist of around 129,600 frames; it seems possible that even the reproduction of a hundred frames (less than one tenth of 1 percent) would be considered too small a portion to be infringing on copyright protection.” [1]
Finalmente e tendo em conta que o investigador não tem como propósito fazer dinheiro com o uso dos fotogramas, relativamente à 4ª clausula do Fair use parece-me de grande relevo o parágrafo que se segue.
“A copyright holder suing an author on the grounds of copyright infringement would have to show that, under the fourth provision quoted above, the author's illustrations had harmed the 'potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.' (..) indeed, it can be argued that scholarly and educational publications that discuss films and use frame illustrations arouse interest in the original film and hence act as a form of publicity.”[1]
“If film scholars were to be denied the right to reproduce frames from and photographs relating to films, their ability to enlighten readers about the history and aesthetic qualities of motion pictures would be severely diminished. ”[1]
Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari de Robert Wiene (1920)
[1] Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Society For Cinema Studies, "Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills
[3] Electronic Frontier Foundation
View the full presentation, rehearse timings, check the order and any live links you may have in your presentation. E-mail comments back to the team or communicate via MSN Messenger for an immediate response. Your team can e-mail the edited presentation directly to your device. (Microsoft)Vejam agora a diferença para o conceito proposto pela Google no vídeo.
Sandra Trehub, Ph.D., of the University of Toronto, recorded mothers and fathers singing to their babies and to an empty room. Though the parents were told to make the second rendition as similar to the first as possible, others listening to the tapes could easily distinguish the two. "The parents tried to duplicate their performance to their infants, and they weren't able to do it," Trehub says. It seems that most parents, especially mothers, have a special "lullaby voice" that they use in singing to their babies: high in pitch and slow in speed. The voice is partly a product of the emotion parents feel for their child—emotion that provokes involuntary changes in facial expression and body posture, which in turn affect the sound of the song. To evoke such a response, the baby must actually be present: "The expressiveness of this voice can't be faked," says Trehub.