"ICO" (2001) by Fumito Ueda

ICO is the first game with the ability to reproduce an area of fully diverse and undefined emotions in the user. The diversity could have been more intense if the narrative experience had a shorter duration, some story elements were lost while we're traversing the enormous castle (puzzle/maze). We need ten hours to finish the game, and between the moment we begin and the moment we come to closure some intensities are lost in time. I justify these losses by the pressings the authors must have felt in having to extend the game in order to fulfil player's desire for infinity playing.

I believe shadow monsters were almost unnecessary. In the most parts of the game they serve only the purpose to raise tension and anxiety in the player, they don't have a real goal, at least that justifies the intense fights in some parts of the game. Also through the game the relation between Yorda and Ico is developed but it would have been much stronger and much emotional if we had some facial close ups of Ico and Yorda. Anyway the fact of having two characters, one controlled by AI and the other by the user is amazing. We really come to a point when we feel responsible for Yorda and where we feel real empathy for Ico. The hands connection, emphasized through vibration of the game pad, is pure emotion design innovation.

The last hour of the game is truly poignant, tension and anxiety is raised in a balanced way taking us to a final cut scene that we receive as a delicious gift. This final cutscene has no typical "victory dynamics" euphoria but it's filled with a truly story reward full of "diverse and undefined emotions". When Yorda comes to get us, our emotions are completely diverse: happiness, sadness, surprise, adoration, kindness. We feel an enormous tenderness for both characters. The epilogue is plain magnificent, oneiric and very positive.

Think about Myst and add the universal theme "boy meets girl", relationships are the key for game emotions.


UPDATE
In 2005 I've made an extensive analysis of ICO and comparison with Myst for an european research project. You can read it here.

In 2009 I've published a book on interactive emotions where I've extended the analysis of Ico. The book was written in portuguese and is accessible free online, "Emoções Interactivas. Do cinema para os Videojogos", pages 244-253)

A.I. by Steven Spielberg

As an emotion thought-provoking movie we can analyse A.I. by Steven Spielberg as a true guide for everyone interested in emotion and computers.

A.I. makes us believe that the final frontier really separating us from "meca" stands in EMOTION. We can even evolve this to cloning arguments and assume the same about clones versus originals.

Emotion is the real and only identification of human individualism.

About the end of the movie, I’ve now thought about two different depicted situations:

a) We can see the final characters as aliens from outer space. Explorers in search of new forms of life, historians of the universe. The planet Earth is showed as a dead planet without anything alive. And these characters could be only reconstructing our planet history through DNA. David was the only delegate of our existence, and the unique persistent specimen able to unveil the secret of how a human mind worked in the past. In the end we were not alone; we weren’t unique in the universe and neither the most important thing alive in the universe but only a part of it, a race that have been extinct like all the animals that are now disappearing from the face of the earth.


b) The characters as the third generation of 'meca', 'living' alone on planet earth. No humans left. Human bodies were suppressed from the earth and only the minds transferred to 'meca' could have survived. Mind without organic bodies, the total liberation of mind could survive and became immortal. In the end, the 'meca' minds could be seen as the 'organa' minds. We can even think that our minds without our body could become peaceful, comprehensive, intelligent, sublime, supra-human as the depicted characters. Therefore our body is portrayed as the one to eliminate, our enemy, the great obstacle to human evolution. Against (a) we can see 'meca' as our unconscious development in order to avoid, even as mind only, the human race extinction nothing more than the most important biological function of species.

In (b) perspective we have a paradox, if we follow the state of the art of emotions studies. Emotions can’t exist in humans without body because emotions aren’t cerebral but bodily dependent.

This leads us to think that in the future AI must develop to a point in were it can be doable to create 'representations' of human body emotions and inject them in some container/memory inside a 'meca'.

But even if we do that, how can a 'meca' elaborate connections between representations o human body defences of life (emotions) and an artificial mind that doesn't need the body to survive or avoid extinction?

And now I arrived at my first thought about all this that in a way is in consonance with Schopenhauer philosophy.

Without death at the end of the lifeline, why exist?

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Artificial Emotion
Sherry Turkle interview to Boston Globe

She says, we become attached to sophisticated machines not for their smarts but their emotional reach.

"They seduce us by asking for human nurturance, not intelligence," she says.

"We're suckers not for realism but for relationships."

Kids, she has found, define aliveness in terms of emotion: "In meeting objects as simple as Furbys, their conversations of aliveness have to do with if a computer loves them and if they love the computer."

The Love Machine

the 3 distinct areas to go when delving into emotion and computers

. emotion perception
. emotion interpretation
. emotion expression

Picard (1997)

Today arrived

Nico Frijda, The Emotions, 1986

John LeDoux, The Emotional Brain, 1998

I’ll present a paper about emotion and virtual illusion, next week, day 21 of April at University of Covilhã, Portugal.

"Emotion Elements in Virtual Interactive Entertainment"

abstract: The convergence of narrative forms and directing/editing techniques between videogames and film are becoming a reality. Although the emotion intensity created by film is far superior to videogames. This paper presents a specification of emotion elements in interactive entertainment captured through neuroscience, cognitive science and film theory areas of knowledge...

it will be presented in the conference LUSOCOM 2004 (http://www.lusocom2004.ubi.pt)

John Barlow about cyberspace

«. diversity is as essential to healthy community as it is to healthy ecosystems... I believe that the principal reason for the almost universal failure of the intentional communities ... is lack of diversity in their members.
It's rare a commune with people fundamentally out of philosophical agreement with the majority.»

«Like Frankenstein... is the usual problem when we try to build something which can only be grown.»

«. Cyberspace missing elements
a) absence of alternatives
b) sense of genuine adversity, generally shared» [we don't have this at movies also]

The Philosophy of Horror, by Noel Carroll

Image and Mind : Film, Philosophy and Cognitive Science, by Gregory Currie

Suspense: Conceptualizations, Theoretical Analyses, and Empirical Explorations (Lea's Communication Series) eds. Peter Vorderer

Affective Interactions: Toward a New Generation of Computer Interfaces (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1814.) eds. Ana Paiva

The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (Series in Affective Science)
eds. Paul Ekman, Richard J. Davidson, Davidson Ekman

MelbourneDAC, the 5th International Digital Arts and Culture Conference.
May 19 - 23, 2003

Ph. D. Panel Session

The main advice from the experienced Doctorate Candidates:

. don't mess up your life just before you submit the thesis. (keep your boyfriend or husband around until after you have submitted.)
. write about something you like.
. spend time on preparing your work.
. focus on theory - whether you want to use it or develop it.
. write, write, write, present and publish.
. get a good supervisor.